Sri Sri  Raga Vartma Candrika

By  Srila Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura

Prathama Prakasha (First Diffusion)

1.	Again and again I offer my humble obeisances to those devotees who are like cakora birds, relishing the nectar of  Srila Rupa Goswami’s words. Through even their slightest mercy I am able to speak this book “Raga Vartma Candrika”.

2.	Previously I gave a concise description of the path of raganuga bhakti, or devotion following one’s spiritual desires, in my book “Bhakti  Rasamrita Sindhu Bindhu”.

3.	When one’s devotion is prompted by orders received from the revealed scriptures, then it is called vaidhi bhakti. But when one is prompted simply by spiritual greed, then it is called raganuga bhakti.

4.	The word pravartakaƒ (in the previous verse) means being fixed in devotional practices. The two kinds of candidates for devotional service (vaidhi and raganuga) should have fear of scriptural injunctions and intense spiritual greed respectively.

5.	 Srila Rupa Goswami has personally given the following definition of lobha (sacred greed). “When the heart yearns for the sweetness of the moods of  Krishna and His eternal associates in Vraja, and one is not prompted by scriptural injunctions or logical arguments, then  that is the definition of ‘sacred greed’. If one thinks ‘let such greed arise in me also’, after hearing about moods such as the transcendental conjugal mood toward  Krishna of His associates the gopis in Vraja, then one need not wait for suitable sanctions from the revealed scriptures or logical arguments. If such impetuses are there, then it cannot be justly called greed. This greed never arises in anyone on such bases, nor does the candidate ever consider whether he is qualified for the path of raganuga bhakti or not. Rather, simply after hearing about the subject matter, or seeing it, that greed will arise in him.

6.	There are two causes for the appearance of greed: The mercy of God or the mercy of another anuragi devotee. There are again two kinds of mercy bestowed by a devotee: praktana and adhunika. Praktana means mercy bestowed by a raganuga in a previous life, and adhunika is mercy bestowed in the present birth. The praktana devotee takes shelter of the lotus feet of a raganuga guru after the greed has arisen in him, and the adhunika will get that greed only after having surrendered to the feet of such a guru. It is said (in Bhakti  Rasamrita Sindhu): “The only causes of the appearance of greed is the mercy of  Krishna or His devotee. Therefore some call the path of raganuga bhakti puti marga (the path of mercy).”

7.	Now, when both the above-mentioned kinds of devotees become inquisitive about how to attain the mood of  Krishna's eternal associates in Vraja, then we see that they are again dependent on information from the revealed scriptures and logical arguments. The way can only be shown through the rules set forth by the scriptures and their resultant logical arguments. There is no other way. Just like when one is greedy for cow’s milk, one must ask someone who knows about it how to get that milk, and one is dependent on that person’s instructions. That person will say: “You should buy a cow”, and will also instruct one how to bring the cow, how to feed it grass and how to milk it. One does not attain the required knowledge just like that, without being instructed. It is said in the 8th Canto of  Srimad Bhagavatam: “As one can derive fire from wood, milk from the milk bag of the cow, food grains and water from the land, and prosperity in one's  livelihood from industrial enterprises, so, by the practice of bhakti-yoga, even within this material world, one can achieve Your favour or intelligently approach You. Those who are pious all affirm this.” ( Srimad Bhagavatam 8.6.12)

8.	Lord  Krishna himself describes in  Srimad Bhagavatam 11.14.26 how the devotee on the path of greed advances and becomes more purified by the day, from the initial stage of surrender to the feet of a guru up to the point in which he directly attains the Lord: “The more one’s mind gets purified by hearing and chanting of My beautiful pastimes, the more able is one to discern the subtle reality of the self, just as the eye is better able to perceive subtle thins when it is treated with medicinal ointment.”

9.	When this greed has appeared in the heart, one becomes enlightened in different ways. Uddhava says in  Srimad Bhagavatam 11.29.6: “ Krishna reveals Himself through the acarya (spiritual master) or through the agency of the Supersoul.” Thus some devotee attains knowledge about the moods of  Krishna and His Vraja associates from the mouth of a guru, some from the mouth of a learned raganuga devotee, and some, whose hearts have been purified by the practise of devotional service, will have this knowledge directly revealed to them from within their hearts. They advance in great transcendental bliss, just as one sees a lusty man enjoying great pleasure when his desires are fulfilled.

10.	In  Srimad Bhagavatam, which is the essence of all the Upaniads, Lord Kapila speaks the following words (3.25.38): “To the devotees I am the beloved, the very Self, the son, the friend, the spiritual master, the well-wisher, Fate, or the chosen Deity.” Bhakti  Rasamrita Sindhu of  Srila Rupa Goswami, which describes the devotion propounded by the  Srimad Bhagavatam, provides the following three verses: “the devotee should remember  Krishna and an eternally liberated devotee of  Krishna of his own choice. He should always live in Vraja and be attached to topics concerning  Krishna and that favourite devotee of his.” (1.2.294) “Both in his material and in his mentally conceived spiritual body he should follow in the footsteps of the people of Vraja, always desiring their moods and activities.” (1.2.295) “The practitioner of raganuga bhakti should also perform all the limbs of vaidhi bhakti, such as hearing and chanting, as far as they are favourable. This is what the learned say.” (1.2.296) These three verses explain the position of the kamanuga devotee (those serving in a conjugal mood).

11.	First of all, through the words “remembering  Krishna'' (BRS 1.2.294), it is indicated that remembrance (smaranam) is the main item of raganuga bhakti. Raga is a special feature of the mind.
	The beloved is the Lord of Vndavana,  Sri  Krishna,  who enjoys pastimes suitable to His own mood. By “His people also” is meant His beloved eternal associates in Vraja, and particularly that transcendental personality that the practising devotee favours, like Vndavanevari  Srimati Radharani, Lalita, Vishakha, Rupa Manjari etc. Although they are  Krishna's favourites, they are also more favourite to those devotees who desire to enter into the glistening conjugal relationship with  Krishna.
	If one cannot live in Vraja physically one must at least mentally do so. But the next verse (1.2.295) clearly explains how one must live in Vraja physically. Living with the sadhaka rupa means in the physical body of the practising devotee, and the siddha rupa means one’s own desired mentally conceived spiritual body, that is suitable for direct transcendental service to Lord  Krishna.Tad bhava lipsuna means being eager to attain the glistening conjugal moods towards  Krishna of one’s favourite devotees in that mood, like  Srimati Radharani and the gopis.
	How to serve? With paraphernalia that are collected either mentally (in siddha rupa) or physically (in sadhaka rupa).
	How to follow in the footsteps of the people of Vraja? In one’s physical body one follows in the footsteps of  Srila Rupa Goswami and other saints that lived in Vraja, and in the mentally conceived spiritual body one follows in the footsteps of  Srimati Rupa Manjari and the other eternal associates of  Krishna.The people of Vraja that should be followed, such as Candrakanti, the sages of the Dandaka forest, whose story is told in the  Brihad Vamana Purana, as well as the  Srutis, have attained their spiritual relationship with  Krishna.One should act like them. In this way the first two verses described smaranam and living in Vraja and the third verse (1.2.296) describes practises such as hearing about  Krishna's pastimes. All other limbs of devotional practise are attained through the practise of hearing and chanting. Without hearing and chanting one’s following in the footsteps of the people of Vraja will remain fruitless. This was said by the learned sages after elaborate consideration. One should only practise those limbs that are favourable to one’s own devotional mood and not those that are opposed to it.

12.	Worshipping oneself, using mudras or nyasa, meditating on  Krishna's pastimes in Dvaraka and worshipping  Krishna's Queens in Dvaraka are practises not to be done by a raganuga sadhaka, although they are described in the Vedic scriptures. If, on the path of devotion, there is a slight deficiency on the part of the devotee, that will not be a fault; that can be seen in the scriptures. In the 11th canto of  Srimad Bhagavatam the 9 Yogendras tell King Nimi: “O King! A person who takes shelter of the path of devotion will never be in danger. Even if he runs over this path with his eyes closed he will not trip or fall.” The Lord also tells Uddhava in  Srimad Bhagavatam 11.29.20: “O Uddhava! In this endeavour of devotion to Me there cannot be the slightest loss or destruction!” The word yan in the former verse means that there can be no fault if one takes shelter of the process of hearing and chanting. It is also said in the Narada Pancaratra that that exclusive devotion to Lord Hari that does not follow the rules and regulations prescribed in the scriptures is simply the cause of disturbance.
	If someone, overcome by spiritual greed, begins on the path of bhajana, but still feels that it is not proper to give up all the rules prescribed by the revealed scriptures, even if they are unfavourable to his own sweet, spontaneous mood, and meditates on Dvaraka-l…la etc., then he will attain the transcendental position of an associate of the Lord’s Queens in Dvaraka. This is confirmed by the scriptures: “One who has the great desire to have a conjugal relationship with the Lord, but who worships Him solely with vidhi bhakti will become a Queen in Dvaraka.” (BRS 1.2.203) The meaning of the word kevala in this verse is ktsnenaiva, not being able to give up any unfavourable item of his practise, such as worshipping the Queens of Dvaraka and being dedicated exclusively to vidhi bhakti. The Amara Koa dictionary confirms that the word kevala can mean ktsna. Still we cannot suggest that, just as if one worships exclusively in vidhi marga one will become Lord  Krishna's Queen in Dvaraka, so one will attain  Krishna in the abode of Mathura by practising a mixture of vidhi bhakti and raganuga bhakti. How can one, after all, become a Queen in Mathura like in Dvaraka? If you answer that you will become an associate of Kubja in Mathura, then I say that this is unfair. After all, the rasa of Kubja with  Krishna is inferior to the rasa of the Queens of Dvaraka (as explained in Ujjvala Nilamani). How then can one get something inferior through the practise of mixed vidhi and raganuga bhakti, which is superior to simply vidhi bhakti? The Gopala Tapani Upaniad proves that Rukmini was married in Mathura. One verse states: “ Krishna,  Balarama, Aniruddha, Pradyumna and Rukmini eternally dwell in Mathura.” Therefore the explanation that one will become an associate of Rukmini in Mathura as a result of mixing vidhi bhakti with raga bhakti is also not reasonable, because not everyone confirms that Rukmini is married in Mathura. How can one become an associate of Kubja or Rukmini after worshipping  Sri  Sri Radha KŠa? That is a second injustice.
	Actually, when one follows vidhi marga, prompted by greed, that is called raganuga bhakti, and when one follows vidhi marga and is prompted by the orders from the revealed scriptures, that is called vidhi bhakti. When one worships  Krishna without following the rules set out by the scriptures, as the aforementioned verse of the Narada Pancaratra proves, then it is considered to be a disturbance.

13.	The scriptures show five kinds of devotional practises to make clear which limbs of devotional service are to be practised in raganuga bhakti, what they are like, what is their actual nature, what is to be done and what is not to be done. They are: those which are filled with the desired mood, those which are related to the desired mood, those which are favourable to the desired mood, those that are not opposed to the desired mood and those which are opposed to the desired mood.
	Of them, some are both the practise and the goal (the only difference being that the former are in an unripe state, and the latter are ripe), some are the direct cause of attaining the goal (prema), some are the indirect cause, some are helpful, some are harmful and some are neutral. All these divisions have been shown.

14.	Servanthood, friendship and so on are all both the means and the goal and are svabhita bhavamaya — full of the desired mood. Items of bhajana, from “taking shelter of the feet of a guru” up to “mantra japa and meditation” are bhava sambandhi or “related to the desired mood” and are direct causes for attaining the goal, love of God. Statements such as “always do japa with a fixed mind” indicate nitya ktya, or perpetual duties. Those who follow the order of the Gaura Ganoddea Dipika “always do japa of  Krishna's holy name, which is related to the desired mood” in their mentally conceived spiritual bodies, are also called “related to the desired mood” which is a direct cause for attainment of their goal. The explanation of the Gopala mantra according to Gaura Ganoddea Dipika is: “The lover of the gopis (gopijana vallabha) is pervading all my senses (govinda).  Krishna's holy name in the form of the 18 syllable or 10 syllable Gopala mantra is the best example of what is related to the desired mood. Another direct cause of what is bhava sambandhi is hearing about  Krishna's transcendental forms, qualities, names and pastimes. It is said: “One should wander alone, giving up all shyness and sing the names of  Krishna,  glorifying His sweet form” and “all the devotees attain paramount bliss by constantly describing, remembering and hearing about Your character.” In this way the practises are proven to be related to the desired mood (bhava sambandhi). 
	Previously it was discussed that smaranam is the chief item of raganuga bhakti, but even this is dependent on k…rtana. In the present Age of Kali everyone can enter into bhajana through the means of k…rtana. All the scriptures proclaim that k…rtana is the very best limb of bhakti. in the Ujjvala Nilamani it is found that the srutis had attained birth in Vraja as gopis as a result of performing penance full of love. But in the present Kali yuga the performance of penance is denounced and the Lord Himself says: “Those vows taken for My sake are actually penance.” Hence penances such as fasting on Ekadasi and Janmastami are indirect causes of prema. We can understand that these occasional duties are perpetual because one can learn that giving up such vows will create obstacles on the path of the practising devotee. In the smrtis it is said the fasting on Ekadasi will lead to the remembrance of Govinda, so it is a direct cause for the devotional limb of smaranam.
	On the other hand, the Skanda Purana and other scriptures say that one who does not fast on Ekadasi is as sinful as the killer of one’s own mother, father, brother or spiritual master. Thus he is an offender to the holy name. In the  Vishnu Dharmottara it is said that through atonement one may be freed from the sin of drinking liquor, stealing or having sex with a superior, but the sin of eating grains on Ekadasi is indestructible. All these denouncing statements prove that vows like Ekadasi are compulsory. Such vows should always be kept. What more can be said? The Skanda Purana says “one may be in great distress or in great ecstasy, but anyone who does not give up the vow of Ekadasi has made his  Vaishnava  initiation a success,” and “anyone who offers all his activities unto Lord  Vishnu is a successful  Vaishnava .” These two statements give a definition of Ekadasi and a  Vaishnava . It is forbidden for a  Vaishnava  to eat food which is not offered. Even maha prasada is forbidden for a  Vaishnava  on Ekadasi.
	The vow in the month of Kartikka is an indirect cause for the limb of penance and a direct limb for the limb of hearing and chanting. In many places,  Srila Rupa Goswami has called  Srimati Radharani “Kartikka devata”, “Urjjadevi”, or “Urjjesvari”, the goddess of the month of Kartikka, so it is clear that in the month of Kartikka one has a special opportunity to attain Her.
	With the statement “O King Ambarisha! Always listen to  Srimad Bhagavatam spoken by  Suka Muni!” from the smtis, we see that hearing  Srimad Bhagavatam is also a perpetual duty.
	From the statements: “Thus I fully glorified the Maha Purushas to you”, and “Those who desire pure devotion to Lord  Krishna should always hear the glorification of His attributes, that destroy all inauspiciousness” from the 12th Canto of  Srimad Bhagavatam, we can understand that hearing of the character of Lord  Krishna,  which is especially related to the 10th Canto of that book, is a perpetual duty that must be repeatedly performed, and that is related to development of the desired mood. Wearing beads of tulasi, tilaka, the names or footprints of  Krishna drawn with gopicandana are favourable to developing the desired mood. 
	Serving tulasi, circumambulating and offering obeisances are also favourable to developing the desired mood. Honouring cows, dhatri and avattha trees and brahmanas is not opposed to developing the desired mood and is helpful, but serving the  Vaishnava s is the most special item> This should be counted amongst all that is mentioned. We have seen in  Srimad Bhagavatam that Mother  Yashoda made her beloved  Krishna wait for His breastmilk in order to take milk which was also meant to nourish Him from the fire.
	For this she had to leave  Krishna who was sucking her breast. Similarly it is also not improper for a raganuga devotee to pay attention to the abovementioned limbs of devotions which nourish the main limbs of hearing and chanting.
	Meditating on oneself, nyasa, mudera, meditating on Dvaraka-lila and worshipping Lord  Krishna's Queens are harmful for developing the desired mood and are practises that should not be performed. Hearing stories from the Puranas are neutral factors. They are not helpful, nor are they harmful. Although there is no transformation or change in transcendental devotion, it has nevertheless been divided in parts like “direct cause” etc., to make it more easily understandable, which it would not have been otherwise. Just as it is said in the devotional scriptures “the 6 bhavas like sneha are manifestations of prema” and the rasa shastras define rasa with words like vibhava and so on, so I have also used terms like upadana karana (indirect causes) etc. to make my point more easily understandable. May the saints forgive me.

Dvitiya Prakasha (Second Diffusion)

1.	 Sri  Shyamasundara is always so absorbed in His pastimes with the beautiful girls of Vraja who have accepted Cupid as their friend, that He is not aware of any loss, exhaustion, household duties, danger, fear, worry or defeat by His enemies. From all this we can understand that He has no chance to think of anyone else but  Srimati Radharani and the gopis of Vraja, since He is bewildered by His loving pastimes with them. How will He then accept the service rendered to Him by the countless raganuga devotees who come to Him from different directions and from different countries? Who will listen to all the different prayers that are offered to Him? One may offer the solution  that  Krishna's expansion, the Supersoul who lives in everyone’s heart, listens, and that the expansion and the origin are actually one, but that will hurt the raganuga bhakta’s heart very much. What is then the solution?
	The answer can be found in the words of Uddhava. He says: “O Lord! When You considered whether or not it was proper to kill Jarasandha and to go to the Rajasuya sacrifice You called me to You and said ‘O Uddhava! What should I do now?’ like a bewildered person. You bewildered me at that time, acting like an ignorant, yet omniscient man who needed advice from a counsellor, although You are not conditioned by time and space and You are full of causeless knowledge eternally.” But if someone will explain that in this case You seemed bewildered, but actually You weren’t, then that is also not right, because Your activities are without endeavour and Your birth is birthless — amidst all these words, this proposal is useless.
	Therefore we should not explain it in the latter way. We must accept that just as  Krishna is sometimes bewildered in His Dvaraka pastimes, although he is omniscient, similarly by His inconceivable potency He is sometimes omniscient in His  Vrindavana pastimes, although He is bewildered. We must therefore accept the words of Bilvamangala Thakura in  Krishna Karnamta “in all His pastimes the Lord is simultaneously bewildered and omniscient.”

2.	In this case omnisciency means that  Krishna has great power and opulence, not sweetness, and outside of His majestic pastimes He is only sweet when He imitates humans in His pastimes. This is what those with firm intelligence say.

3.	Now we will define sweetness. Sweetness is there when the human mood is not violated, regardless of whether  Krishna shows His divine prowess or not. For example, when baby  Krishna killed the witch Putana He was playing a human child by sucking her breast. Although He smashed the cart demon, He did so by kicking it with His tender footsoles while He was a baby of only three months, lying flat on His back. Although He bewildered Lord Brahma and Balarama by showing innumerable  Vishnu expansions of Himself He also tended the calves and cows. He stole the milk and curd of the cowherd women in an unseen way and He had conjugal relations with many gopis while displaying His divine prowess by expanding Himself into as many forms as there were gopis.
	If performance of merely human pastimes with much bewilderment and without any display of prowess is called sweetness, then the bewilderment of a naughty playful child would also be called sweetness. Therefore this definition of sweetness is not proper.

4.	That manifestation of God that does not depend on humanlike moods and is only revealing majestic, divine manifestations is called  aishvarya (prowess). When  Krishna showed such  aishvarya in His 4 armed form when He appeared in Mathura to Vasudeva and Devaki He told them: “I showed you this 4 armed form of Mine so that you can remember My previous birth. Simply by seeing Me as a human child you would not get this realisation.” ( Srimad Bhagavatam 10.3.44) Lord  Krishna told Arjuna in Bhagavad  Gita 9.5: “Look at My majestic form!” and showed him His prowess, and in His  Vrindavana pastimes He showed Brahma His thousand four armed forms after showing His sweet and beautiful pastimes in Vraja.

5.	Now follows the description of the devotees who are fixed in their conception of  Krishna as the Supreme Lord ( aishvarya jñana nistha bhaktah). Vasudeva tells  Krishna and Balarama in  Srimad Bhagavatam: “You are not our sons, but You are directly the Supreme Personality of Godhead.” And when Arjuna sees  Krishna's Universal Form in Bhagavad  Gita chapter 11, he says: “O Krishna! Please forgive me for whatever I may have said to You in the past due to love and bewilderment!”
	From these examples we can see that their respective feelings  of parental and fraternal love towards  Krishna were slackened after seeing His divine prowess. This is called  aishvarya jñana. And madhurya jñana is that mood which does not cause a heart attack or even the slightest feelings of awe after seeing some display of his prowess, because feelings of intimacy are already firmly established in the heart. For example, the gopis described  Krishna as follows in  Srimad Bhagavatam 10th canto chapter 35, when He returned to the village after herding His cows in the forest: “ Krishna is being praised by demigods who surround Him and worship Him with songs and flowers” and “on the way Brahma and other demigods praise His feet.”
	Despite the fact that  Sr…dama and Sudama and the other cowherd boys saw the demigods offering prayers and flowers to  Krishna,  there was not the slightest slackening of their pure fraternal love for Him visible in them, and the beautiful girls of Vraja remained fixed in their sweet romantic feelings for him despite hearing about His prowess. In the same way the pure parental love of Mother  Yashoda was not diminished even slightly despite Nanda Maharaja’s consoling words to Vrajvasis. Her love for  Krishna rather increased and thoughts like: “I am blessed that my son is the Supreme Lord Himself” appeared in her heart. Even a mundane mother whose son becomes the ruler of the world still shows her motherly love for him.
	The intimate moods of the cowherd boys, who may think: “We are blessed that out friend is the Supreme Lord,” and the gopis, who may think: “we are also blessed that our beloved is the Supreme Lord,” are rather strengthened when they hear about  Krishna's divine prowess.
	In times of meeting  aishvarya jñana is not fully manifest. The moonrays of union are very cool, but the time of separation is as hot as the sunsrays. These statements fully reveal  aishvarya jñana. Nevertheless, if there is no reverence that causes a heart attack and the resultant esteem during the manifestation of  aishvarya jñana, then it cannot be really accepted as  aishvarya jñana. “In His descent as Rama He pierced the king of monkeys Bali like a hunter. An ordinary hunter kills creatures because He likes the meat, but He killed Bali without any reason, so He is even more cruel than a hunter. Again, being controlled by a woman (His wife Sita) He cut Surpanakha’s nose and ears off. In His descent as Vamana He accepted the worship of Bali Maharaja like a crow and then bound him up. Therefore there’s no need for us to make friends with dark-complexioned men. But still it is difficult to stop talking about Him!”
	Before  Krishna lifts Govardhana Hill the Vrajavasis were not aware of His divinity, but after He lifted Govardhana Hill and had gone to Varuna-loka, the hearts of Vrajbasis were, after initially realising Him to be the Lord Himself, at once filled with sweet feeling of love towards him. One has never heard even a single word like: “You are not our sons, You are the Supreme Personality of Godhead: from the mouth of Nanda Maharaja, like they were spoken by Vasudeva to  Krishna and Balarama, even after he had heard from Varian and Uddhava that  Krishna is the Supreme Lord. Therefore the Vrajvasis were always full of Madhurya jñana, but  Krishna's associates in Dvaraka were filled with  aishvarya jñana mixed with madhurya jñana.

7.	The next question is: Did  Krishna,  while playing humanlike pastimes as the son of Nanda in  Vrindavana know He is God in the same way as He knew it as the son of Vasudeva in Dvaraka, or not? If you say “yes” then I say He would not have been able to cry tears of fear while He was being bound with ropes by Mother  Yashoda. It does not look good on learned devotees to explain that He was simply pretending to be afraid, and that’s why He was crying tears. Only a less intelligent society would have given such an explanation. If intelligent devotees would give this explanation then the words of Queen Kunti in  Srimad Bhagavatam 1.8.31 “Mother  Yashoda took up a rope to bind You when You committed an offence, and Your perturbed eyes overflooded with tears, which washed the collyrium from Your eyes. And You were afraid, trying to hide Your face, although fear personified is afraid of you. This sight is bewildering to me” would never contain the word ”vimoha” (enchanted).
	The purport of this verse is that Kunti’s conception is  aishvarya jñana. That is why she says that even fear personified is afraid of You, With the words bhaya bhavamaya sthitasya, that He is afraid by meditating on fear, it is proven that Kunti finds  Krishna genuinely afraid in His heart. If Kunti had thought that  Krishna was simply pretending to be afraid, then she would not have been bewildered.
	And if you say “all right, so  Krishna did not know that He is God, but then by whom or what was His eternally perfect blissful omniscience covered over?” then I say: it is the essence of  Krishna's cit or knowledge potency named prema or love of God, that covers him over, making Him forget His actual identity, although He is ecstasy personified, for the sake of increasing His own ecstasy, just as avidya, or the ignorance potency of Maya keeps all the living beings bound up in the material world, making them experience only suffering, and the transcendental energy yogamaya covers over the God-knowledge of  Krishna's transcendental associates in  Vrindavana like Mother  Yashoda, making them experience His all-sweet humanlike pastimes. There can be no fault in prema covering over His knowledge of His svarupa. Just as ignorance binds up the conditioned souls with the ropes of mine-ness, giving them simply misery and making them prisoners bound with ropes and chains that give them much pain, so also is the body of a respectable person bound by valuable pleasure-giving clothes and a turban and so on. In the same way the conditioned soul’s ignorance leads to his misery and  Krishna's ignorance makes Him very happy, because He is controlled by love.
	 Krishna enjoys great happiness being overcome with prema, just as a honeybee feels very happy being covered over in the whorl of a lotus. Therefore it is said “O Lord! Don’t leave the lotuslike hearts of Your devotees!” and “the devotees have bound Your lotus feet with the ropes of their love.” Just as one experiences the five kinds of misery in a greater or lesser extent according to the amount in which one is covered over by ignorance, so also prema covers the knowledge and prowess of both its object and subject, expanding in innumerable ways of transcendental ecstasy. Because their love for  Krishna is mixed with knowledge of His divine prowess, the inhabitants of Dvaraka like Devaki do not experience as much bliss as pure devotees like Mother  Yashoda and so on do. The Vrajbasis are experiencing ever-increasing bliss, being bound to  Krishna,  the object of their love, by the ropes of mine-ness, that keeps the object and subject of that love controlled by each other.  Krishna,  being bewildered by the love of Mother  Yashoda and others, does not know about his own Godhood. When some disturbance is caused by a demon or by a forest fire, then  Krishna manifests His omniscience, but that is only for the sake of protecting His devotees, and the lila akti then makes Him aware of His power.
	Previously, in verse 1, it was already corroborated that his inconceivable potency makes Him able to accept the service offered to him by the practising devotees, even when he is bewildered by loving bliss. 
	In this way we have considered vidhi marga, raga marga  aishvarya and madhurya and  aishvarya jñana and madhurya jñana. The philosophy of svakiya and parakiya has been explained in my commentary on  Srila Rupa Goswami’s Ujjvala Nilamani. There it is seen that if one worships  Sri  Sri Radha  Krishna on the vidhi path one attains  aishvarya jñana without differentiation between svakiya and parakiya bhava in the Goloka sphere within Maha Vaikuntha. When one is greedy after the madhurya bhava, but one holds onto the vidhi marga, one attains the position of associate of Satyabhama in Dvaraka’s svakiya rasa, knowing that Radha and Satyabhama are one. This is a blend of  aishvarya jñana and madhurya jñana. And when one worships solely on the path of raga, one attains pure madhurya and the position of associate of  Srimati Radharani in  Vrindavana’s parakiya bhava.
	Although  Srimati Radharani is  Krishna's very own pleasure potency and  Krishna also belongs to  Srimati Radharani, still one must meditate upon  Sri  Sri Radha  Krishna within Their pastimes, never only upon Them without Their pastimes. None of the descriptions of these pastimes, nor any of the scriptures revealed by the sages has corroborate a marital status for Radha and  Krishna in  Vrindavana. Therefore Radha has a parakiya relationship with  Krishna,  both in the prakata and aprakata pastimes. In this way the essence of all topics has been briefly described.

7.	Now it will be described how the raganuga bhakta gradually advances through the stages of anartha nivtti, nistha, ruci and asakti up to the stage of prema and the direct attainment of the beloved Deity. In the Ujjvala Nilamani it is said that “those who are specially attracted to the mood of the Vrajbasis and thus perform raganuga bhakti will attain that abundance of eagerness that is needed for performing raganuga bhajana and will take birth in Vraja in groups of one, two or three at the same time.” Here the word anuragaugha means “that eagerness that makes one qualified for doing raganuga bhajana”. The anuraga mentioned here does not refer to the sthayi bhava of that name, because the sthayi bhava named anuraga cannot be attained within a material body. 
	The words “he takes birth in Vraja” means the sadhaka takes birth from the womb of a nitya siddha gopika, just as  Krishna's eternally beloved gopis appear with Him when He descends to the earth. After that, gradually sneha, mana, pranaya, raga, anuraga and mahabhava will become manifest in the gopika body of that sadhaka by hearing and chanting and seeing the greatness of  Krishna's eternally liberated gopis. These moods could not possibly arise in the material body of the sadhaka in his previous birth. In this way the extraordinary greatness of  Krishna's beloveds in Vraja has been shown.
	In  Srimad Bhagavatam it is said that the gopis attained the pinnacle of transcendental bliss by seeing Govinda. Without Him they experienced a moment to last a hundred ages. Their statement in  Srimad Bhagavatam 10.31.15: “Without seeing You we consider a second to last like an age” is a symptom of mahabhava.
	One may ask “Why don’t you say that when the sadhaka attains the stage of prema and leaves his body, he will take a gopika body in the spiritual world without taking birth from the womb of a gopika, after which he manifests sneha etc. there in that body through the association of the eternally perfect gopis?”
	The answer here is: “No, that will not happen, because then one cannot get a harmonious acquaintance according to the human-like pastimes there, like: ‘whose daughter is this sakhi? Whose wife is she? Whose daughter-in-law is she?’ ‘Alright then’ one may say ’then what is the harm in taking birth in the aprakata lila?’ Then the answer is ‘No, that also cannot be. Sadhakas or materially conditioned souls cannot enter into the transcendental manifestation named  Sri  Vrindavana Dhama. Only perfected souls can enter it. Even through one’s own sadhana the moods of sneha and so on are not easily attained.
	Therefore those devotees for whom Yogamaya, for the sake of perfecting their moods like sneha etc. arranges that prema is manifest in them after they take birth in  Krishna's materially manifest pastimes in  Sri  Vrindavana Dhama and before they attain  Krishna's bodily association, are taken to  Krishna's materially manifest pastimes in  Vrindavana. Because practising devotees, karmis and perfected devotees can all be seen to enter into the materially manifest  Sri  Vrindavana Dhama, it is experienced as both sadhaka bhumi and siddha bhumi.
	Then if you say “Where will those most eager sadhakas stay after they attain prema and until they attain a gopika body, after leaving their material bodies?” Then I answer: “After the sadhaka body perishes, that loving devotee, who has eagerly desired direct devotional service for a long time, will once, by the Lord’s grace, receive the gift of the desired service and the audience of the Lord and his eternal associates, just as He once bestowed direct audience to Narada Muni. He will give the sadhaka a transcendental gopika body. 
	Yogamaya will make that body take birth from a gopika body in the manifest pastimes, when  Krishna descends to earth with His eternal associates. There will not be a second delay in that, because the prakata lila goes on without interruption. He will take birth in that material universe where  Krishna plays His manifest  Vrindavana lila at that time.  Krishna and His associates appear when the loving practising devotee leaves his body. Therefore, O greatly eager anuragi devotees, don’t be afraid! Be at ease! All is auspicious for You!”

8.	O Gokulananda! You are enjoying Your pastimes like a honeybee thirsty after the buds of devotion! You are bewildered and omniscient at once! I offer my obeisances to You!
	O Lord! You personally said: “I will give My devotees that transcendental intelligence by which they can come to Me.” Therefore I pray to you: “O Vrajendranandana! Give me the intelligence by which I can attain you, as You are adorned by the gopis’ breasts!”
	That raganuga bhakti that is always fully transcendental to all scriptural injunctions in all respects and that is to be blames by Bhagavad  Gita verses such as “those who give up all scriptural injunctions to worship with mere faith” and “food made without regulations” has always caused disturbance, is causing disturbance and will cause disturbance. There is no need to say anything more. O! The path of raganuga bhakti is hard to see even by the demigods. The intelligent devotees will get to know this path through the diffusion of this light.